Exercise I
For this exercise, we will work with a new blank disk (vdb) and extend the LV root from 5.29 GB to 6.29 GB.
First check the free space on the new disk with parted command:
[root@cliente1 ~]# parted /dev/vdb unit GB print free Error: /dev/vdb: unrecognised disk label Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk) Disk /dev/vdb: 2.25GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: unknown Disk Flags:
1. Create a new partition of 1 GB:
[root@cliente1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x324be3c5.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-4404019, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-4404019, default 4404019): +1G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1 GiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 2254 MB, 2254858240 bytes, 4404020 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x324be3c5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 2254 MB, 2254858240 bytes, 4404020 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x324be3c5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@cliente1 ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/vda: msdos partitions 1 2
/dev/vdb: msdos partitions 1
2. Create a physical volume /dev/vdb1
[root@cliente1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/vdb1 Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
3. Extend the vg myvg1 with the pv created
[root@cliente1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg1 1 2 0 wz--n- 6.00g 4.00m [root@cliente1 ~]# vgextend myvg1 /dev/vdb1 Volume group "myvg1" successfully extended [root@cliente1 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree myvg1 2 2 0 wz--n- 6.99g 1.00g <-- new size and free space
4. Extend the logical volume root
[root@cliente1 ~]# lvextend /dev/myvg1/root -L +1G -r -t <--test mode
TEST MODE: Metadata will NOT be updated and volumes will not be (de)activated.
Size of logical volume myvg1/root changed from 5.29 GiB (1355 extents) to 6.29 GiB (1611 extents).
Logical volume myvg1/root successfully resized.
[root@cliente1 ~]# lvextend /dev/myvg1/root -L +1G -r
Size of logical volume myvg1/root changed from 5.29 GiB (1355 extents) to 6.29 GiB (1611 extents).
Logical volume myvg1/root successfully resized.
meta-data=/dev/mapper/myvg1-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=346880 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1387520, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1387520 to 1649664
Check the new size with lvs command:
[root@cliente1 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root myvg1 -wi-ao---- 6.29g <-- new size swap myvg1 -wi-ao---- 716.00m
Exercise II
For this exercise, is required to create a new partition to work with:
- VG name –> myvg2
- 15 LE name –> lv_01,
- PE size –> 8MB
As we don’t know the size of the partition, must calculate it:
LE x PE = X + 1PE = SIZE PARTITION 15 x 8 = 120 +8 = 128 MB
Check the available space:
[root@cliente1 ~]# parted /dev/vdb unit GB print free
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 2.25GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size Type File system Flags
0.00GB 0.00GB 0.00GB Free Space
1 0.00GB 1.07GB 1.07GB primary lvm
1.07GB 2.25GB 1.18GB Free Space
1. Create the partition of 128MB so finally the size will be of 120MB:
[root@cliente1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (2099200-4404019, default 2099200):
Using default value 2099200
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2099200-4404019, default 4404019): +128M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 128 MiB is set
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 2254 MB, 2254858240 bytes, 4404020 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x324be3c5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2 2099200 2361343 131072 83 Linux
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 2254 MB, 2254858240 bytes, 4404020 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x324be3c5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 2099199 1048576 8e Linux LVM
/dev/vdb2 2099200 2361343 131072 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@cliente1 ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/vda: msdos partitions 1 2
/dev/vdb: msdos partitions 1 2
2. Create the VG
note: when you create a VG, the system create a PV automatically.
[root@cliente1 ~]# vgcreate myvg2 -s 8M /dev/vdb2 Physical volume "/dev/vdb2" successfully created. Volume group "myvg2" successfully created
3. Create the LV
[root@cliente1 ~]# lvcreate -n lv_01 myvg2 -l 15 Logical volume "lv_01" created.
#lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert root myvg1 -wi-ao---- 6.29g swap myvg1 -wi-ao---- 716.00m lv_01 myvg2 -wi-a----- 120.00m [root@cliente1 ~]# lvdisplay myvg2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/myvg2/lv_01 LV Name lv_01 VG Name myvg2 LV UUID OGTfht-8Vww-DP1s-z53t-1kY7-M9TR-l3fFdH LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cliente1.example.com, 2019-05-14 21:24:21 -0400 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 120.00 MiB Current LE 15 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2
4. Create and assign a file system
[root@cliente1 ~]# mkfs.
mkfs.btrfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.vfat
mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.fat mkfs.msdos mkfs.xfs
[root@cliente1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/myvg2/lv_01
meta-data=/dev/myvg2/lv_01 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=7680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=30720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=855, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@cliente1 ~]# blkid | grep myvg2
/dev/mapper/myvg2-lv_01: UUID="acf5a0fd-bb95-4eda-88d2-98b019b1d5d2" TYPE="xfs"
[root@cliente1 ~]# echo "UUID="acf5a0fd-bb95-4eda-88d2-98b019b1d5d2" /mnt/data xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
5. Create the mount point, check and mount all:
[root@cliente1 mnt]# mkdir /mnt/data [root@cliente1 mnt]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/myvg1-root 6.3G 3.0G 3.4G 48% / devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs 920M 152K 920M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 920M 8.9M 911M 1% /run tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot tmpfs 184M 4.0K 184M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 184M 12K 184M 1% /run/user/1000 [root@cliente1 mnt]# mount -a [root@cliente1 mnt]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/myvg1-root 6.3G 3.0G 3.4G 48% / devtmpfs 905M 0 905M 0% /dev tmpfs 920M 152K 920M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 920M 8.9M 911M 1% /run tmpfs 920M 0 920M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot tmpfs 184M 4.0K 184M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 184M 12K 184M 1% /run/user/1000 /dev/mapper/myvg2-lv_01 117M 6.2M 111M 6% /mnt/data